Pola ayat dasar ke-4 bahasa Melayu: pemerian dari perspektif pragmatik

Abstract

Basically, Tatabahasa Dewan (2004:322) has classified four basic sentence patterns of Malay language i.e (1) Noun Phrase + Noun Phrase, (2) Verb Phrase + Noun Phrase, (3) Adjective Phrase + Noun Phrase, and (4) Noun Phrase + Prepositional Phrase. The classification of this basic sentence pattern by Tatabahasa Dewan was made based on the surface form of basic sentences resultant in speech or writing of Malay language speaker. For sentence pattern 1, 2 and 3, the elements that fi ll up the subject and predicate constituents conceptualize clear meaning and can be accepted by Malay language speaker. However, for sentence pattern 4, the element that fills up the predicate constituent, namely preposition stand out a mile contrasts with the elements that fill up the predicate of sentence pattern of 1,2 and 3 because it does not conceptualize any concept meaning to the speaker or user of the Malay language. In other words, preposition that fills up the predicate constituent had no referential meaning either that behave concrete or abstract. This case seem to be a question which has not yet answered immaculately why prepositional phrase filling the predicate constituent be able to represents one basic pattern of Malay language sentence pattern. Preposition that does not conceptualize any concept meaning would supposedly make it difficult for this phrase to be understood by speakers and users of Malay. This assumption however does not hold true as the prepositional phrase occurs in the predicate constituent in Malay sentences and the preposition seems to have a meaning that is conceptualised and understood by speakers and users of Malay. This issue signifi cantly needs profoundest explanation and analysis based on real context of use in daily life of Malay language speaker. And this study can only be tackled by pragmatic fi eld, a fi eld which able to defi ne and describe meaning and language use based on context. By using pragmatic approach, especially Relevance theoretical framework, it is believed that this 4th basic sentence pattern issue used by Malay language speaker is answerable in more critical and empirical way based on cognitive and communicative principles of relevance and those ideas proposed by Sperber and Wilson (1986,1995).