Fonologi dan morfologi prosodik dengan aplikasinya dalam bahasa Melayu

Abstract

This study made use of the theory introduced by Chomsky and Halle in their book The Sound Pattern of English (1968) to investigate the application of rules on syntax by using adjustment rules set, apart from the phonological rules that operate on lexicon. The use of rules is important in detailing the prosodic phenomena that are morphologically based on lexical morphology. Prosodic morphology uses the internal word category such as mora, syllables, roots and the phonological word to describe the prosodic processes occurring at the world level. At this level, the phonological rules are shown with syllables or feet as their domain. In Malay, the rules for syllabification may be in the form of glottalization, aspiration, labialiazation and palatalization. Labialization and palatalization rules are described as involving the execution of prosodic morphological rules, although it is still possible to describe it using prosodic phonology. This difference is purposely highlighted to show the possibility of the same element being processed using rules in two different prosodic areas, but nevertheless complementary. The prosodic morphological theory of McCarthy and Prince (1988, 1990) is used to describe the way compounds are formed from a minimal word via the mapping to foot in Arabic, and also in Malay. This is shown to prove the possibility of applying the prosodic morphology hypothesis through syllabification and the presence of mora in words. As for Malay, prosodic inclusion is shown to operate on words that acquire prefixes and , apart from the reduplication affu:ation process that determines the presence of a vowel or a consonant as the final element in affixes that is characteristic to Malay words. Reduplication are also examined with respect to infixes <-em-> and <-er->, and also with certain changes to vowels and consonants in some compound formation in Malay. In this case, the minimality concept for words is used as a condition of the presence of mora in some Malay words. The fulfillment condition of template is used as an additional criterion to help in establishing the truth of the occurrence of compounds from two syllables in Malay, in which the minimal base cannot exist as a free minimal word in Malay. In short, phonological rules and prosodic morphology can, in many instances, explain the occurrence of words in many forms in Malay.